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MODEL NOTES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY ENTRIES
The following models are consistent with guidelines set forth in The Chicago Manual of Style, 15th ed. For each type of source, a model note appears first, followed by a model bibliography entry. The model note shows the format you should use when citing a source for the first time. For subsequent citations of a source, use shortened notes (click here for an explanation).
Books (print and online)
1. BASIC FORMAT FOR A PRINT BOOK1. William H. Rehnquist, The Supreme Court: A History (New York:
Knopf, 2001), 204.
Rehnquist, William H. The Supreme Court: A History. New York: Knopf,
2001.
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2. BASIC FORMAT FOR AN ONLINE BOOK2. Heinz Kramer, A Changing Turkey: The Challenge to Europe and
the United States (Washington, DC: Brookings Press, 2000), 85,
http://brookings.nap.edu/books/0815750234/html/index.html.
Kramer, Heinz. A Changing Turkey: The Challenge to Europe and the
United States. Washington, DC: Brookings Press, 2000.
http://brookings.nap.edu/books/0815750234/html/index.html.
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3. TWO OR THREE AUTHORS3. Michael D. Coe and Mark Van Stone, Reading the Maya Glyphs
(London: Thames and Hudson, 2002), 129-30.
Coe, Michael D., and Mark Van Stone. Reading the Maya Glyphs. London:
Thames and Hudson, 2002.
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4. FOUR OR MORE AUTHORS4. Lynn Hunt and others, The Making of the West: Peoples and
Cultures (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2001), 541.
Hunt, Lynn, Thomas R. Martin, Barbara H. Rosenwein, R. Po-chia Hsia,
and Bonnie G. Smith. The Making of the West: Peoples and Cultures.
Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2001.
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5. UNKNOWN AUTHOR5. The Men's League Handbook on Women's Suffrage (London,
1912), 23.
The Men's League Handbook on Women's Suffrage. London, 1912.
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6. EDITED WORK WITHOUT AN AUTHOR6. Jack Beatty, ed., Colossus: How the Corporation Changed America
(New York: Broadway Books, 2001), 127.
Beatty, Jack, ed. Colossus: How the Corporation Changed America. New
York: Broadway Books, 2001.
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7. EDITED WORK WITH AN AUTHOR7. Ted Poston, A First Draft of History, ed. Kathleen A. Hauke
(Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2000), 46.
Poston, Ted. A First Draft of History. Edited by Kathleen A. Hauke.
Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2000.
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8. TRANSLATED WORK8. Tonino Guerra, Abandoned Places, trans. Adria Bernardi
(Barcelona: Guernica, 1999), 71.
Guerra, Tonino. Abandoned Places. Translated by Adria Bernardi.
Barcelona: Guernica, 1999.
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9. EDITION OTHER THAN THE FIRST9. Andrew F. Rolle, California: A History, 5th ed. (Wheeling, IL:
Harlan Davidson, 1998), 243.
Rolle, Andrew F. California: A History. 5th ed. Wheeling, IL: Harlan
Davidson, 1998.
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10. VOLUME IN A MULTIVOLUME WORK10. James M. McPherson, Ordeal by Fire, vol. 2, The Civil War (New
York: McGraw-Hill, 1993), 205.
McPherson, James M. Ordeal by Fire. Vol. 2, The Civil War. New York:
McGraw-Hill, 1993.
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11. WORK IN AN ANTHOLOGY11. Zora Neale Hurston, "From Dust Tracks on a Road," in The
Norton Book of American Autobiography, ed. Jay Parini (New York:
Norton, 1999), 336.
Hurston, Zora Neale. "From Dust Tracks on a Road." In The Norton Book
of American Autobiography, edited by Jay Parini, 333-43. New York:
Norton, 1999.
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12. LETTER IN A PUBLISHED COLLECTION12. Thomas Gainsborough to Elizabeth Rasse, 1753, in The Letters
of Thomas Gainsborough, ed. John Hayes (New Haven: Yale University
Press, 2001), 5.
Gainsborough, Thomas. Letter to Elizabeth Rasse, 1753. In The Letters
of Thomas Gainsborough, edited by John Hayes, 5. New Haven: Yale
University Press, 2001.
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13. WORK IN A SERIES13. R. Keith Schoppa, The Columbia Guide to Modern Chinese His-
tory, Columbia Guides to Asian History (New York: Columbia University
Press, 2000), 256-58.
Schoppa, R. Keith. The Columbia Guide to Modern Chinese History.
Columbia Guides to Asian History. New York: Columbia University
Press, 2000.
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14. ENCYCLOPEDIA OR DICTIONARY14. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th ed., s.v. "Monroe Doctrine."
NOTE:The abbreviation "s.v." is for the Latin sub verbo ("under the word"). Reference works are usually not included in the bibliography.
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15. SACRED TEXT15. Matt. 20.4-9 (Revised Standard Version).
15. Qur'an 18:1-3.
The Bible and other sacred texts are usually not included in the bibliography.
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Articles in periodicals (print and online)
16. ARTICLE IN A JOURNALFor an article in a print journal, include the volume and issue numbers and the date; end the bibliography entry with the page range of the article.
16. Jonathan Zimmerman, "Ethnicity and the History Wars in the
1920s," Journal of American History 87, no. 1 (2000): 101.
Zimmerman, Jonathan. "Ethnicity and the History Wars in the 1920s."
Journal of American History 87, no. 1 (2000): 92-111.
For an article accessed through a database service such as EBSCOhost or for an article published online, include a URL. If the article is paginated, give a page number in the note and a page range in the bibliography. For unpaginated articles, page references are not possible, but in your note you may include a "locator," such as a numbered paragraph or a heading from the article, as in the example for an article published online. Journal article from a database service 16. Eugene F. Provenzo Jr., "Time Exposure," Educational Studies
34, no. 2 (2003): 266, http://search.epnet.com.
Provenzo, Eugene F., Jr. "Time Exposure." Educational Studies 34, no. 2
(2003): 266-67. http://search.epnet.com.
Journal article published online 16. Linda Belau, "Trauma and the Material Signifier," Postmodern
Culture 11, no. 2 (2001): par. 6, http://www.iath.virginia.edu/pmc/
text-only/issue.101/11.2belau.txt.
Belau, Linda. "Trauma and the Material Signifier." Postmodern Culture
11, no. 2 (2001). http://www.iath.virginia.edu/pmc/text-only/
issue.101/11.2belau.txt.
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17. ARTICLE IN A MAGAZINEFor a print article, provide a page number in the note and a page range in the bibliography.
17. Joy Williams, "One Acre," Harper's, February 2001, 62.
Williams, Joy. "One Acre." Harper's, February 2001, 58-65.
For an article accessed through a database service such as FirstSearch or for an article published online, include a URL. If the article is paginated, give a page number in the note and a page range in the bibliography. For unpaginated articles, page references are not possible.
Magazine article from a database service 17. David Pryce-Jones, "The Great Sorting Out: Postwar Iraq,"
National Review, May 5, 2003, 17, http://newfirstsearch.oclc.org.
Pryce-Jones, David. "The Great Sorting Out: Postwar Iraq." National
Review, May 5, 2003, 17-18. http://newfirstsearch.oclc.org.
Magazine article published online 17. Fiona Morgan, "Banning the Bullies," Salon, March 15, 2001,
http://www.salon.com/news/feature/2001/03/15/bullying/index.html.
Morgan, Fiona. "Banning the Bullies." Salon, March 15, 2001. http://
www.salon.com/news/feature/2001/03/15/bullying/index.html.
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18. ARTICLE IN A NEWSPAPERFor newspaper articles - whether in print or online - page numbers are not necessary. A section letter or number, if available, is sufficient.
18. Dan Barry, "A Mill Closes, and a Hamlet Fades to Black," New
York Times, February 16, 2001, sec. A.
Barry, Dan. "A Mill Closes, and a Hamlet Fades to Black." New York
Times, February 16, 2001, sec. A.
For an article accessed through a database such as ProQuest or for an article published online, include a URL. Newspaper article from a database service 18. Gina Kolata, "Scientists Debating Future of Hormone Replace-
ment," New York Times, October 23, 2002, http://www.proquest.com.
Kolata, Gina. "Scientists Debating Future of Hormone Replacement."
New York Times, October 23, 2002. http://www.proquest.com.
Newpaper article published online 18. Phil Willon, "Ready or Not," Los Angeles Times, December 2,
2001, http://www.latimes.com/news/la-foster-special.special.
Willon, Phil. "Ready or Not." Los Angeles Times, December 2, 2001.
http://www.latimes.com/news/la-foster-special.special.
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19. UNSIGNED ARTICLEWhen the author of a periodical article is unknown, treat the periodical itself as the author.
19. Boston Globe, "Renewable Energy Rules," August 11, 2003, sec. A.
Boston Globe. "Renewable Energy Rules." August 11, 2003, sec. A.
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20. BOOK REVIEW20. Nancy Gabin, review of The Other Feminists: Activists in the
Liberal Establishment, by Susan M. Hartman, Journal of Women's History
12, no. 3 (2000): 230.
Gabin, Nancy. Review of The Other Feminists: Activists in the Liberal
Establishment, by Susan M. Hartman. Journal of Women's History
12, no. 3 (2000): 227-34.
Web sites and postings
21. WEB SITEInclude as much of the following information as is available: author, title of the site, sponsor of the site, and the site's URL. When no author is named, treat the sponsor as the author.
21. Kevin Rayburn, The 1920s, http://www.louisville.edu/
~kprayb01/1920s.html.
Rayburn, Kevin. The 1920s. http://www.louisville.edu/~kprayb01/
1920s.html.
NOTE:The Chicago Manual of Style does not advise including the date you accessed a Web source, but you may provide an access date after the URL if the cited material is time-sensitive: for example, http://www.historychannel.com/today (accessed May 1, 2005).
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22. SHORT DOCUMENT FROM A WEB SITEInclude as many of the following elements as are available: author's name, title of the short work, title of the site, sponsor of the site, and the URL. When no author is named, treat the site's sponsor as the author.
22. Sheila Connor, "Historical Background," Garden and Forest,
Library of Congress, http://lcweb.loc.gov/preserv/prd/gardfor/
historygf.html.
Connor, Sheila. "Historical Background." Garden and Forest. Library of
Congress. http://lcweb.loc.gov/preserv/prd/gardfor/historygf.html.
22. PBS Online, "Media Giants," Frontline: The Merchants of Cool,
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/cool/giants.
PBS Online. "Media Giants." Frontline: The Merchants of Cool.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/cool/giants.
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23. ONLINE POSTING OR E-MAILIf an online posting has been archived, include a URL, as in the following example. E-mails that are not part of an online discussion are treated as personal communications (see item 26). Online postings and e-mails are not included in the bibliography.
23. Janice Klein, posting to State Museum Association discussion
list, June 19, 2003, http://listserv.nmmnh-abq.mus.nm.us/scripts/
wa.exe?A2=ind0306c&L=sma-l&F=lf&S=&P=81.
Other sources (print, online, multimedia)
24. GOVERNMENT DOCUMENT24. U.S. Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United
States: Diplomatic Papers,1943 (Washington, DC: GPO, 1965), 562.
U.S. Department of State. Foreign Relations of the United States:
Diplomatic Papers,1943. Washington, DC: GPO, 1965.
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25. UNPUBLISHED DISSERTATION25. Stephanie Lynn Budin, "The Origins of Aphrodite (Greece)"
(PhD diss., University of Pennsylvania, 2000), 301-2.
Budin, Stephanie Lynn. "The Origins of Aphrodite (Greece)." PhD diss.,
University of Pennsylvania, 2000.
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26. PERSONAL COMMUNICATION26. Sara Lehman, e-mail message to author, August 13, 2003.
Personal communications are not included in the bibliography.
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27. PUBLISHED OR BROADCAST INTERVIEW27. Ron Haviv, interview by Charlie Rose, The Charlie Rose Show,
PBS, February 12, 2001.
Haviv, Ron. Interview by Charlie Rose. The Charlie Rose Show, PBS,
February 12, 2001.
28. VIDEO OR DVD28. The Secret of Roan Inish, DVD, directed by John Sayles (1993;
Culver City, CA: Columbia TriStar Home Video, 2000).
The Secret of Roan Inish. DVD. Directed by John Sayles. 1993; Culver
City, CA: Columbia TriStar Home Video, 2000.
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29. SOUND RECORDING29. Gustav Holst, The Planets, Royal Philharmonic, André Previn,
Telarc compact disc 80133.
Holst, Gustav. The Planets. Royal Philharmonic. André Previn. Telarc
compact disc 80133.
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30. SOURCE QUOTED IN ANOTHER SOURCE30. Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations (New York: Random House,
1965), 11, quoted in Mark Skousen, The Making of Modern Economics:
The Lives and the Ideas of the Great Thinkers (Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe,
2001), 15.
Smith, Adam. The Wealth of Nations, 11. New York: Random House,
1965. Quoted in Mark Skousen, The Making of Modern Economics:
The Lives and the Ideas of the Great Thinkers (Armonk, NY: M. E.
Sharpe, 2001), 15.
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